Abstract
Data were compiled on the stability and formation rates of iron and nickel carbonyls. The data demonstrate that carbonyl formation in steel pipes is governed largely by kinetics. The rate of carbonyl formation is a function of several factors: temperature, pressure, gas flow rate, gas composition, impurities in the gas, alloy composition, surface conditions, and pretreatment of the surfaces. An evaluation of techniques for detecting iron and nickel carbonyls in gases showed atomic absorption spectroscopy to be a highly effective (approximately 1 ppB), almost instantaneous analytical technique. Carbonyl formation in pipe steels seems to be prevented mainly by the use of steels with high chromium contents, by lining the tubing with copper, or by use of any stable coating that prevents the carbon monoxide from directly contacting the metal. 23 references
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