Iron and Neuropathies

Abstract

AbstractIron is an indispensable element for metabolic reactions as it is involved in protein synthesis, brain functions, nerve conduction, and myelination. Therefore, balanced iron metabolism in body is an unmet need of the body to perform its various functions properly. Iron overload and deficiency both conditions can affect vital pathways of the living system which could lead to different types of neuropathies. Iron overload is associated with demyelination which reduces the nerve conduction velocity. Hence, reduction in nerve conduction both motor and sensory can cause central and peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, excess iron is toxic to body which produces reactive oxygen species that is a cause of many types of optic neuropathies. Some genetic problems associated with iron storage genes can cause neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Iron is accumulated in NBIA diseases in basal ganglia and iron patches can also be seen on the skin which is a cause of neuropathy. Iron deficiency could also induce neuropathy as iron is involved in myelination. Low-iron diet induces inflammatory responses which are involved in the onset of peripheral neuropathy. Low iron in the body can be a cause of a condition called restless leg syndrome which is a sensorimotor disorder in which there is a strong urge to move legs in resting conditions. So, here it is concluded that iron should be considered as the main marker while studying different types of neuropathies. In this chapter the relationship between iron and neuropathies is discussed.KeywordsIronDemyelinationOxidative stressNeuropathyNerve conduction