Abstract
Background Despite approximately 95% primary cases of hypertension, secondary hypertension seems to be common with resistant forms. Notably, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as a common cause of secondary hypertension and has a major characteristic of obesity. Irisin acts as a link between muscles and adipose tissues in obesity, playing an essential role in human blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, whether irisin is associated with secondary hypertension caused by OSA and how it takes effect essentially have not been elucidated. Purpose To investigate the changes of irisin and its relationship with BP in OSA. Methods 72 snoring patients finished Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) evaluation before polysomnography (PSG). BP was the average of three brachial BP values by mercury sphygmomanometer. Serum irisin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Irisin was higher in the severe and quite severe group than that in control and nonsevere groups (p < 0.05). For BP, significant differences were found between the control group and the other three groups (p < 0.05) and between the quite severe and the other three groups (p ≤ 0.001). Positive correlations were found between irisin and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI and BP, and irisin level and BP. Negative correlations were between irisin and SpO2 nadir and SpO2 nadir and BP. Positive correlation still existed between AHI and irisin even after adjusting for some obesity-related variables. Conclusions Irisin may serve as a potential biomarker for severity of OSA independently of obesity and imply the development of hypertension.
Highlights
Nowadays, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) tends to be a growing health concern, and the estimated prevalence ranges from 2% to 14% worldwide [1, 2]
An increasing number of patients with hypertension suffer from OSA, and OSA exerts an obvious impact on the 24hour blood pressure (BP) circadian pattern related to clinical or subclinical organ damages by hypertension [5, 6]
neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC)/hip circumference (HC), BMI, and weight were significantly higher in severe and quite severe OSA groups than those in control group, and SPO2 nadir was lower in the three OSA groups than that in control group
Summary
OSA tends to be a growing health concern, and the estimated prevalence ranges from 2% to 14% worldwide [1, 2]. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which is the most universally recommended therapy for OSA, is highly effective in improving symptoms but has demonstrated a concordant but limited effect on cardiovascular comorbidities, to be specific, hypertension [5, 7, 8]. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as a common cause of secondary hypertension and has a major characteristic of obesity. Whether irisin is associated with secondary hypertension caused by OSA and how it takes effect essentially have not been elucidated. Positive correlation still existed between AHI and irisin even after adjusting for some obesity-related variables. Irisin may serve as a potential biomarker for severity of OSA independently of obesity and imply the development of hypertension
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