Iridoids, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Capacity of Cornus mas, C. officinalis, and C. mas × C. officinalis Fruits.

Svitlana Klymenko,Dominika Przybylska,Olga Grygorieva,Anna Sokół-Łętowska,Narcyz Piórecki,Alicja Zofia Kucharska

doi:10.3390/biom11060776

Svitlana Klymenko, Dominika Przybylska + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060776

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Abstract

The fruits of Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis have been known and appreciated in folk medicine for years and have a high biological value, which is mainly connected with their polyphenols and iridoids content. However, hybrids of C. mas × C. officinalis have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the iridoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols content, and antioxidant capacity of Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, and C. mas × C. officinalis. Iridoids and flavonoids were quantified by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Antioxidant capacity (AC) was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Total phenolic content (TPC) was evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Among the C. mas cultivars and C. officinalis genotypes, there was considerable variation in the content of iridoids, flavonoids, and AC. Interspecific hybrids C. mas × C. officinalis contained more iridoids than C. mas and more anthocyanins than C. officinalis and additionally had higher AC and TPC than C. officinalis and most C. mas. AC, TPC, and the presence of iridoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols in hybrids C. mas × C. officinalis are reported for the first time. The Cornus species deserve special attention due to their highly biologically active substances, as well as useful medicinal properties.

Highlights

Works on the introduction and selection of new species for culture in Ukraine have been conducted in the Department of Fruit Plants Acclimatisation in NBG (Kyiv, Ukraine) for over 50 years
This is consistent with the earlier study of Kucharska et al [82], where it was reported that iridoids did not exhibit a high correlation between their amount and in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of blue honeysuckle berries. They exhibit a number of other beneficial biological activities [83] that can complement antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds. These findings indicated that the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), anthocyanins, and flavonols, but not iridoids, are the key determinants associated with the antioxidant activities of the extracts
The results of the present study showed that among the C. mas cultivars and C. officinalis genotypes, there was considerable variation in the content of iridoids and flavonoids and Antioxidative Capacity (AC)

Summary

Introduction

(cornelian cherry) has been known in garden cultivation for 4000 years. A very rich composition of biologically active compounds found in the fruits of Cornus mas [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], which have a wide range of pharmacological action, such as antibacterial [7,11,12], hypolipidemic [7], antioxidant [6,13], anticoagulant [14], antiparasitic [15], cardioprotective [16], anticancer [17], hepatoprotective [18], and anti-inflammatory [19], and according to [20], could constrain the incidence of long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have proven that C. mas stones are a good source of various bioactive hydrolyzable tannins and show high antioxidant activity [30], while C. mas leaf extract contains a hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonols, ellagitannins, as well as iridoids, and shows high antibacterial activity against Gram-negative

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