Abstract
In this study, two iridoids i.e. agnuside (1) and bartioside (2) were isolated from Vitex grandifolia for the first time. These potent flavonoids were purified using fractionation and were separated by Sephadex LH 20, Silica gel 60, RP C-18 and Diaion HP-20 columns. Their structure was elucidated using FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR data, these were further evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antileishmania effects. Agnuside, isolated for the first time from V. grandifolia exhibited good activity against NF-kB assay with IC50 (ug/mL) of 8.9 while bartsioside showed an IC50 (ug/mL) of 12. Agnuside (1), an iridoid showed the highest IC50 (μg/mL) of 5.38 and corresponding IC90 (μg/mL) of 7.07 against L. donovani (intracellular amastigotes in THP1 cells). Positive standards were employed in these studies. The results allowed us to establish the relationship between the structure and the activities on the basis of the different patterns of substitution, particularly hydroxylation. This study gave credence to the view that there isa link between low incidence of some diseases and consumption of vegetables hence advantages of these vegetables are beyond nutritional gains.
Highlights
The family called Lamiaceae, this is mostly referred to as mint family consist of mainly herbs, medicinal plants and shrubs which include about 230 genera and 7100 species mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions (Harley et al, 2004; Bello et al, 2017)
One of the well-known genus in the family of Lamiaceae is Vitex, this genus contains of mostly herbs, shrubs and small trees, and they are popular to tropical and subtropical region like Africa, Asia and Latin America belonging to this family
Vitex grandifolia is a tagged as wild vegetable though it is popular for its ethnomedicinal uses
Summary
The family called Lamiaceae, this is mostly referred to as mint family consist of mainly herbs, medicinal plants and shrubs which include about 230 genera and 7100 species mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions (Harley et al, 2004; Bello et al, 2017). Members of Lamiaceae are believed to be important because their cosmetics, culinary advantages, ornamental, therapeutic uses and temperate regions of the world contains only a few species of this family (Bello et al, 2017) Amongst this family are; Ajuga (50 species), Lantana (150 species), Marrubium (40), mentha (25 species), Tecurium (100 species) and Vitex (750 species) (Akgül et al, 2008). Research on medicinal plants has globally increased tremendously, and volumes of reputable evidence have been gathered to portray the enormous prospects of medicinal plants used in traditional systems (Fiala et al, 1985; Tapsell et al., 2006) Many of these herbal plants have been identified and studied using current scientific methods and ways, the results revealed the immense promise of medicinal plants in the field of medical science (Triggiani et al, 2006). The present study reports the isolation, characterization and the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal of the constituents from the polar extract of the Vitex grandifolia
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