Abstract
Abstract Inspired by Vladimir Jabotinsky's Revisionist Zionism, the Irgun Zvai Leumi b'Eretz Yisrael (National Military Organization of the Land of Israel, known by the acronym “Etzel”) was a paramilitary organization active from 1931 to 1948 in British‐controlled Mandate Palestine. Although smaller than its left‐wing rival the Haganah, and lacking the institutional support that the Haganah derived from the Jewish Agency (the Mandate's government‐in‐the‐making), the Irgun attained disproportionate historical influence. By modernizing nineteenth‐century terrorist tactics and successfully introducing them into the Middle East, the Irgun demonstrated not just how asymmetric warfare could be used to challenge much larger conventional forces, but also the political utility of terrorism.
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