Abstract
Abstract The entire island of Ireland, consisting of thirty-two counties, used to form part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and constituted one of its four nations. In 1921, after a long campaign for Home Rule in the nineteenth century and a War of independence between 1916 and 1920, the island was partitioned. Six of the nine northern counties of Ulster became Northern Ireland and remained within the United Kingdom. The other twenty-six became independent as the Irish Free State within the British Commonwealth. In 1949 the Free State declared itself a Republic and left the Commonwealth. It is this history of being part of the United Kingdom and then separating from it to form an independent state that has shaped the institutions and political culture of modern Ireland.
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