Abstract
Abstract The ongoing war in Iraq since 1990, which led to the total destruction and collapse of its social, physical, cultural, economic and political institutions, may be divided into three main periods: the sanctions period (1990–2003); the direct Anglo-American occupation period (2003–11); and the post-2011 period. From 1990 to 2003, Iraq underwent severe economic and political sanctions, which caused the death of hundreds of thousands of innocent Iraqi civilians. However, conditions deteriorated after 2003, leading to more casualties among civilians. Furthermore, a substantial rise in terrorism affected Iraq directly and impacted the wider Middle East region, leaving the country at dangerous crossroads. This article attempts to answer the following questions: What were the main reasons behind the American invasion and occupation of Iraq? Why were the Americans keen on destroying the state of Iraq? This process raises further questions: What is the impact of the Iraqi conflict on the Middle East region? Wither Iraq and the region in the next few years?
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