Abstract
This study aims to clarify the nature of Iranian diplomacy, its position and its role with regard to managing this file, and the position of some countries in the region and the great powers regarding the Iranian nuclear position. In order to reach the desired results of the study, the researcher followed the following scientific approaches, namely: The historical research method by tracing the beginnings of the Iranian nuclear file (from 1952 until reaching the final agreement in 2015), the researcher also followed the analytical approach that relies on describing and analyzing the phenomenon and the developments that accompanied the development of the Iranian nuclear file, he also followed the decision-making approach by employing the elements of Iranian political decision-making and the role of Iranian political institutions in taking the appropriate decision regarding the Iranian nuclear file. Among the results of the study was that Iran, through the (carpet weaving) and (evasive) diplomacy in its nuclear negotiations with the superpowers, was able to achieve its revolutionary goals and build its nuclear project even if it was a peaceful one and avoid reaching the stage of using the military option by the superpowers, this diplomacy has paid off by achieving positive results that serve Iran. Iran was also able to prove its position and position on the world map and to prove that it is a country with a strategic will to reach its nuclear ambitions, and Iran has been able to resist all threats and temptations in order to continue its nuclear program and forcing the superpowers (5 + 1) to surrender to her demands at the end. Keywords: Iranian diplomatic tools, International Pressure, Iranian nuclear position, Iranian political decision-making DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/101-20 Publication date :September 30th 2020
Highlights
The beginnings of the Iranian nuclear program were in the fifties of the last century during the rule of the Shah, when the United States of America and Western European countries participated in the Iranian nuclear program as part of the "Atom for Peace" program, where the Shah of Iran laid the foundation stone for Iran's nuclear program on March 5 March 1957, following the announcement of the proposed "agreement" for cooperation in research and the peaceful uses of atomic energy "(Al-Sayed, 2015)
With the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979, American and Western companies stopped working on nuclear projects, in connection with supplies of highly enriched uranium, which led to the suspension of the Tehran Nuclear Research Center, but Khomeini ordered the dissolution of the Iranian nuclear weapons research center; This is against Islamic law and morals, but it returned in 1981 and allowed small-scale research in the field of nuclear energy, but with the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, Khomeini allowed the restart of Iran's nuclear program at Bushehr plant (Trenin, 2001)
Nuclear weapons have caused a profound reversal of strategy, since the use of the nuclear bomb against Japan in World War II, the major powers have been convinced that they will not be strong without acquiring a nuclear weapon, the latter has become a central criterion for the interpretation and analysis of power, and countries have entered a strategic race based on the acquisition of strategic nuclear weapons
Summary
The beginnings of the Iranian nuclear program were in the fifties of the last century during the rule of the Shah, when the United States of America and Western European countries participated in the Iranian nuclear program as part of the "Atom for Peace" program, where the Shah of Iran laid the foundation stone for Iran's nuclear program on March 5 March 1957, following the announcement of the proposed "agreement" for cooperation in research and the peaceful uses of atomic energy "(Al-Sayed, 2015). With the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979, American and Western companies stopped working on nuclear projects, in connection with supplies of highly enriched uranium, which led to the suspension of the Tehran Nuclear Research Center, but Khomeini ordered the dissolution of the Iranian nuclear weapons research center; This is against Islamic law and morals, but it returned in 1981 and allowed small-scale research in the field of nuclear energy, but with the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, Khomeini allowed the restart of Iran's nuclear program at Bushehr plant (Trenin, 2001). In May 2003, after the US invasion and occupation of Iraq, President Muhammad Khatami had submitted a proposal to conclude a secret deal with the United States of America to offer the Iranian nuclear program with complete transparency, and to stop supporting Hamas and Hezbollah in exchange for security guarantees, and the normalization of relations with the United States of America, but US President George Bush (Jr.) refused to do so (Al-Sayed, 2015)
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