Abstract
This research proposes a scheme of field programmable gate array (FPGA) to generate an impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse. The FPGA scheme consists of three parts: digital clock manager, four-delay-paths stratagem, and edge combiner. The IR-UWB radar system is designed to detect human subjects from their respiration underneath the rubble in the aftermath of an earthquake and to locate the human subjects based on range estimation. The proposed IR-UWB radar system is experimented with human subjects lying underneath layers of stacked clay bricks in supine and prone position. The results reveal that the IR-UWB radar system achieves a pulse duration of 540 ps with a bandwidth of 2.073 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 1.797). In addition, the IR-UWB technology can detect human subjects underneath the rubble from respiration and identify the location of human subjects by range estimation. The novelty of this research lies in the use of the FPGA scheme to achieve an IR-UWB pulse with a 2.073 GHz (117 MHz–2.19 GHz) bandwidth, thereby rendering the technology suitable for a wide range of applications, in addition to through-obstacle detection.
Highlights
Radar technology first emerged during World War II [1] and has evolved ever since
The field programmable gate array (FPGA) scheme consists of three parts: digital clock manager, four-delay-paths stratagem, and edge combiner
This section discusses impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse generated by the proposed FPGA scheme and the human frequency (PRF) of 20 MHz using oscilloscope
Summary
Apart from military operations, modern radar technology is deployed in numerous applications, including range/speed detection, autonomous driving vehicles [2,3,4,5], detection of objects buried underground (e.g., landmines or pipelines) [6,7,8,9,10], detection of airborne objects [11,12,13], and bio-radiolocation. In bio-radiolocation, the Doppler radar principle is utilized to remotely detect human life using phase shift of the reflected signal from physiological movements, such as respiration, heartbeat, limb motion [14,15]. In through-wall detection, there are three conventional radar technologies: continuous wave (CW), frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW), and step frequency continuous wave (SFCW) The Doppler radar method is adopted for medical diagnostics, including sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and respiratory muscle weakness [16,17,18,19,20,21].
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