Abstract
Summary This study focused on the influence of field dependence-independence on the development of formal operational thought during early adolescence. The Group Embedded Figures Test and three paper-and-pencil logical reasoning tests involving second-order operations were administered to 450 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade boys and girls. The results showed that the relationships between field dependence-independence and formal operational reasoning abilities were due largely to their common overlap with IQ. The findings are discussed in terms of the acquisition and utilization of formal thought structures.
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