Abstract

Abstract Situated on the banks of the river Yamuna, 200 km southeast of Delhi, Agra is the third largest city (1.2 million population) in the northern province of Uttar Pradesh (UP), the largest Indian state with over 160 million population. The area lies in the fertile region of the Indo-Gangetic plains bounded on the north by the Himalayan mountains. In the 25 years since IPSS (1967), the city and other parts of the catchment area have had phenomenal growth and have developed industrially; the decennial growth rate between 1981 and 1991 was 25%. Consequently, Agra is very densely populated, and its narrow roads are choked with traffic of all sorts—automotive vehicles, rickshaws, scooters, cycles, bullock carts, horse-drawn carriages, and stray cattle, all with their various pollutants. The nearby town of Mathura has one of the biggest petroleum refineries in India, and the agricultural sector of the area is undergoing a green revolution with farmers converting to modern methods. Agra has two universities and scores of colleges and has become a tourist center.

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