Abstract
IPNs are unique “alloys” of cross-linked polymers in which at least one network is synthesized and/or cross-linked in the presence of the other. IPNs are also known as entanglements of polymer networks that are ideally held together only by permanent topological interactions. The objectives of this study are to evaluate novel chitosan-based functional drug delivery systems that can be successfully incorporated into “dual action bioactive tooth restorative materials”. These materials should be capable of inducing an improved wound healing prototype. The novel hydrogels will be investigated with respect to the antioxidant capacity of conventional antioxidants, such as resveratrol, β-carotene and propolis, as a designer drug delivery system, with the use of SEM imaging for the characterization of the surfaces, bio-adhesive property, antioxidant capacity, free radical defence, antioxidant, active ingredient stability and reactive features of novel materials. The additional benefit of the site-specific “functional restorative material” for use in dressings to deliver antibiotics to wound sites can provide tissue compatibility and reduced interference with wound healing. The materials were tested using an effective in vitro free radical generation model as functional additive prototypes for further development of “dual function restorative wound healing materials”. We quantified the effects of functional designer biomaterials on the dentin bond strength of a composite and evaluated the bio-adhesive capacity of the materials in the two separate “in vitro” systems. The added benefits of the chitosan/vitamin C/cyclodextrin (CD) host:guest complex-treated hydrogels involved a positive influence on the tetracycline release, increased dentin bond strength, as well as a demonstrated in vitro “built-in” free radical defence mechanism and, therefore, acting as a “proof of concept” for functional multi-dimensional restorative wound healing materials with a built-in free radical defence mechanism. Based on our results, we can conclude that the CD:chitosan-antioxidant-containing hydrogels are a suitable carrier for tetracycline to be slow-released. Within the limitations of the study design, chitosan-based hydrogels are suitable materials for functional restorative and wound healing applications in vitro. Cytotoxicity data are currently being evaluated in our laboratory.
Highlights
IPNs are unique “alloys” of cross-linked polymers in which at least one network is synthesized and/or cross-linked in the presence of the other
The novel hydrogels will be investigated with respect to the antioxidant capacity of conventional antioxidants, such as resveratrol, b-carotene and propolis, as a designer drug delivery system, with the use of surface morphology (SEM) imaging for the characterization of the surfaces, bioadhesive property, antioxidant capacity, free radical defence, antioxidant, active ingredient stability and reactive features of novel materials
The results of this study suggest that optimum results for the strengthening of dentin can be achieved throughout the immediate treatment with the antioxidant:chitosan:vitamin C “host:guest” complex with the increase of dentin bond strength
Summary
IPNs are unique “alloys” of cross-linked polymers in which at least one network is synthesized and/or cross-linked in the presence of the other. IPNs are known as entanglements of polymer networks that are ideally held together only by permanent topological interactions [1]. The inter-network entanglements are permanent because of chemical cross-linking and cannot be separated. Entirely new properties are exhibited by the IPN that are not observed in either of the two single networks alone [2]. The development of interpenetrating network polymers is attractive, because IPNs provide free volume space for the easy encapsulation of drugs in the three-dimensional network structure, which is obtained by the cross-linking of two or more polymer networks [3]. Various properties of IPNs, such as porosity, bio-adhesiveness, elasticity, swelling and stimuli-responsive behaviour, can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the network-forming polymers and suitable cross-linking agent and its proportion [4,5]
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