Abstract
Sensors and other Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are increasingly finding application in various fields, such as air quality monitoring, weather alerts monitoring, water quality monitoring, healthcare monitoring, etc. IoT sensors continuously generate large volumes of observed stream data; therefore, processing requires a special approach. Extracting the contextual information essential for situational knowledge from sensor stream data is very difficult, especially when processing and interpretation of these data are required in real time. This paper focuses on processing and interpreting sensor stream data in real time by integrating different semantic annotations. In this context, a system named IoT Semantic Annotations System (IoTSAS) is developed. Furthermore, the performance of the IoTSAS System is presented by testing air quality and weather alerts monitoring IoT domains by extending the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards and the Sensor Observations Service (SOS) standards, respectively. The developed system provides information in real time to citizens about the health implications from air pollution and weather conditions, e.g., blizzard, flurry, etc.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of objects or things containing technologies embedded with electronics, software, and sensors in order to enable these objects to be sensitive to the environment in which they are placed and to collect observed data and to transmit it to a centralized server in the form of streaming data, called sensor stream data [1]
The standardization for the Sensor Web is defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), named Sensor Web Enablement (SWE), which is divided into two parts: SWE information model (which includes Observations & Measurements (O&M), Transducer Model Language (TransducerML or TML), and Sensor Model Language (SensorML)); and SWE service model (which includes Sensor Observations Service (SOS), Web Notification Services (WNS), Sensor Alert Service (SAS), and Sensor Planning Service (SPS)) [2,3]
The sensor data streams that are not identified as outliers for further semantic annotations processing pass to the Real-Time Semantic Annotation (RTSA) component, which is developed inside Spark Streaming
Summary
The IoT is the network of objects or things containing technologies embedded with electronics, software, and sensors in order to enable these objects to be sensitive to the environment in which they are placed and to collect observed data and to transmit it to a centralized server in the form of streaming data, called sensor stream data [1]. The objective of this research paper is the development of techniques for integration and interpretation of the semantic annotations into sensor stream data in real time. In this context, adding semantic annotations into sensor stream data is expected to provide a better understanding and more meaningful descriptions to enable application areas of IoT to become much more intelligent [8].
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