Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that integrates different devices and technologies, removing the necessity of human intervention. This enables the capacity of having smart (or smarter) cities around the world. By hosting different technologies and allowing interactions between them, the internet of things has spearheaded the development of smart city systems for sustainable living, increased comfort and productivity for citizens. The IoT for Smart Cities has many different domains and draws upon various underlying systems for its operation. In this paper, we provide a holistic coverage of the Internet of Things in Smart Cities. We start by discussing the fundamental components that make up the IoT based Smart City landscape followed by the technologies that enable these domains to exist in terms of architectures utilized, networking technologies used as well as the Artificial Algorithms deployed in IoT based Smart City systems. This is then followed up by a review of the most prevalent practices and applications in various Smart City domains. Lastly, the challenges that deployment of IoT systems for smart cities encounter along with mitigation measures.
Highlights
Poniszewska-Maranda and WitoldWith a bulging world population and increasing urbanization which is set to grow by more than 10% in the 30 years [1] resulting in a total of 70% living in cities by 2050, countries around the world are looking at equipping their cities to deal with the influx of people and the stress it will bring to current city systems [2]
Our work is different from [9] in that our coverage of the challenges is blind to specific expert opinion and not limited in scope to their application domain only, we provide an across the board discussion of the critical aspects that Internet of Things (IoT) designers in Smart Cities need to be vary about and go through practices addressing each of those aspects
Data gathered in Smart City applications can be used to perform many undesired acts, GPS devices that are present in every phone and most vehicles are susceptible to providing information about a persons location, habits as well as lead to privacy issues as discussed in [225], power consumption and ambient sensor data from a building may indicate to occupancy [229] and even indicate to the individual identities [230]
Summary
With a bulging world population and increasing urbanization which is set to grow by more than 10% in the 30 years [1] resulting in a total of 70% living in cities by 2050, countries around the world are looking at equipping their cities to deal with the influx of people and the stress it will bring to current city systems [2]. Cities have come out as a major initiative by various governments in making cities more navigable and welcoming to the expected population increase and providing city dwellers a better living experience, as is evidenced by the multiple projects ongoing on both the public and private level [4,5,6,7] In this survey, we provide a review of the use of IoT in Smart. We define Smart Cities to be the application of various information and communication technologies with the aim of creating a better living experience for a city’s population This encompasses use of these technologies in all the domains discussed previously, including governance, transport, housing, business, sustainable living, social learning, community engagement, providing opportunities and more. Technologies in the smart city context are a fundamental component to the provision of public services by facilitating interactions of citizens with the city environment and making life easier
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