Abstract
In recent years, smart cities have been significantly developed and have greatly expanded their potential. In fact, novel advancements to the Internet of things (IoT) have paved the way for new possibilities, representing a set of key enabling technologies for smart cities and allowing the production and automation of innovative services and advanced applications for the different city stakeholders. This paper presents a review of the research literature on IoT-enabled smart cities, with the aim of highlighting the main trends and open challenges of adopting IoT technologies for the development of sustainable and efficient smart cities. This work first provides a survey on the key technologies proposed in the literature for the implementation of IoT frameworks, and then a review of the main smart city approaches and frameworks, based on classification into eight domains, which extends the traditional six domain classification that is typically adopted in most of the related works.
Highlights
The increasing development and dissemination of Internet of things (IoT) and Internet of everything (IoE) technologies represent an important enabler in the current smart cities landscape, leading the smart city paradigm to the big data scale
The review was conducted both for key IoT technologies, which were analyzed following an architectural perspective, and for smart city approaches and frameworks, which were based on classification into eight domains describing the main application areas
It emerged that in recent years, the integration of IoT solutions and smart city frameworks is achieving increasingly higher levels of complexity and wider application ranges, which go beyond the past generation of vertical silo applications that were based on specific domains
Summary
The increasing development and dissemination of Internet of things (IoT) and Internet of everything (IoE) technologies represent an important enabler in the current smart cities landscape, leading the smart city paradigm to the big data scale. Some of the main technical challenges for modern IoT-enabled smart cities are represented by the requirements of supporting a multitude of different data providers, dealing with many different protocols and data formats, as well as ensuring interoperability and scalability and supporting the sharing of components This is crucial in order to avoid the implementation of redundant solutions for data ingestion, storage and analysis, lowering operative costs and enhancing the city’s sustainability. An effort has been made to integrate IoT and smart city solutions following a classification approach that focuses on the identification of eight applicable domains: governance; living and infrastructures; mobility and transportation; economy; industry and production; energy; environment; and healthcare.
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