Abstract
An Internet of Things (IoT) enabled intelligent sensor node has been designed and developed for smart city applications. The fabricated sensor nodes count the number of pedestrians, their direction of travel along with some ambient parameters. The Field of View (FoV) of Fresnel lens of commercially available passive infrared (PIR) sensors has been specially tuned to monitor the movements of only humans and no other domestic animals such as dogs, cats etc. The ambient parameters include temperature, humidity, pressure, Carbon di Oxide (CO2) and total volatile organic component (TVOC). The monitored data are uploaded to the Internet server through the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication system. An intelligent algorithm has been developed to achieve an accuracy of 95% for the pedestrian count. There are a total of 74 sensor nodes that have been installed around Macquarie University and continued working for the last six months.
Highlights
With the proliferation of technological advancement, the idea of a smart city is emerging day by day
This paper presents a novel compact system that provides the pedestrian count and gives information about the pedestrian’s direction of travel and environmental data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, CO2 and total volatile organic component (TVOC)
The detection length of each section of the Fresnel lens is measured by walking towards that section from a far distance covering other sections with Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape
Summary
With the proliferation of technological advancement, the idea of a smart city is emerging day by day. A city is named as smart once its intelligent and sustainable infrastructure is integrated with advanced technological solutions [1]. The essential purpose of building a smart city is providing a sustainable, environment-friendly life to its residents. It is predicted that 66% of the world population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050 [2]. Due to the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization, human societies are in great strain on resource consumption and environmental issues [3]. It has become an important issue to keep track of footpath traffic and environmental parameters for urban planning, retail development, major event crowd assessments, pedestrian safety, traffic flow management and assessments of the street development
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