Abstract
Efficiency and reliability have been essential requirements for energy generation in smart cities. This study presents the design and development of dependable control schemes for microgrid management, which can be seamlessly integrated into the management system of smart buildings. Here, to recover from failures in the solar energy system of a building microgrid, dependable controllers are proposed along with their hardware implementation. The system features the use of Internet of Things (IoT) as its core to coordinate the operation of multiple subsystems in a scalable manner. The control scheme uses a number of controllers cooperatively functioning via a token-based mechanism within the network to provide redundancy and thus reliability in solar tracking. The system exploits data from not only local in-situ sensors but also online sources via IoT networks for fault-tolerant control. Experiments conducted in a 12-storey building indicate that the harvested solar energy meets the design requirement while the control reliability is maintained in face of communication or hardware disruptions. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed approach and its applicability to energy management in smart buildings.
Highlights
Smart cities are our urbanization trend with enormous potential for addressing sustainable development needs
We present a novel approach to the problem of solar energy tracking to improve the system reliability and resilience using model prediction based dependable control, with hardware implementation and experimental results for a building microgrid
In the critical case when the wind force is greater than the threshold, f > Fτ, the tracker will be switched to a protective mode so that the solar panel will be in parallel with the ground to minimize the resistance force
Summary
Smart cities are our urbanization trend with enormous potential for addressing sustainable development needs. Along with increasing demands for higher efficiency and more sustainable in electricity usage, there has been the need to seamlessly integrate advanced technologies of monitoring, control, and communication into electric networks to deliver reliable and secure supply, enhance the efficiency of generation and distribution, and provide alternatives from renewable energy sources. Improve system performance, in particular, reliability and resilience, a distributed control system is needed possessing the capabilities of tolerance to such faults from the power supply, communication or hardware and self-recovery to maintain continuity of the service (DCS) [15]. We present a novel approach to the problem of solar energy tracking to improve the system reliability and resilience using model prediction based dependable control, with hardware implementation and experimental results for a building microgrid.
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