Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) play a major role in the evolution towards sustainable transportation. The integration of information and communication technology (ICT) into the electric vehicle (EV) charging process has witnessed rapid progress. Wireless communication between EVs has become commercially viable, supporting vehicle-to-sensor, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-internet regimes. However, EVs still have limited market penetration due to charging process constraints such as charging time and the availability of charging points. This paper considers an asymmetrical nine-phase smart integrated on-board charging (OBC) system with a reduced cost, size and weight. All the propulsion components are utilized in the charging process. Both zero machine average torque production and unity power factor operation at the grid side can simultaneously be obtained during the charging process. Additionally, no hardware reconfiguration is required to allow the transition between propulsion and charging modes for this system topology. Furthermore, the proposed integrated on-board charger is completely monitored, and the charging rate is controlled through a smartphone application via internet of things (IoT) technology, thus optimizing the user experience. A 1.5 kW prototype is implemented to validate the proposed system by rewinding a three-phase induction motor (IM).
Highlights
Due to fossil fuel depletion and CO2 emissions, the reliance on electric vehicles (EVs) has been globally expanding at a rapid pace [1]
The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Jun Wu
The battery electric vehicles (BEVs) market has witnessed a substantial increase in sales reaching 87% in 2014 compared to 54% reached in 2012 [4]
Summary
Due to fossil fuel depletion and CO2 emissions, the reliance on electric vehicles (EVs) has been globally expanding at a rapid pace [1]. The proposed topology offers multiple merits including charging at several voltage levels, bidirectional power flow with fault-tolerant capability, and a concurrent motoring/charging operation that decreases the cost of charging This technique can be applied to conventional three-phase or multiphase configurations. Being an emerging research topic in BEV applications, this paper attempts to employ ICT to control/monitor one of the recently introduced integrated onboard battery chargers [24]. This topology offers a simple transition between propulsion and charging modes without any winding reconfiguration. In this architecture, ICT is employed to control and monitor an integrated OBC based on an asymmetrical ninephase machine.
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