Abstract
Rapid moisture and carbon dioxide uptake in Ni-rich materials deteriorates their processing properties, thermal stability and electrochemical performance. Water washing is a widely used method to efficiently remove Li-based residues from these materials. In this paper, a detailed investigation of ion behavior during washing was carried out for LiNi0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2 (NCA). Multiple characterizations including inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles show that certain amount of Li+ and Al3+ are lost from the near-surface of NCA during washing process, which is one of the key issues that lead washed samples suffer from poor electrochemical performance and structural stability. The excess LiOH·H2O ratio in mixing and high temperature sintering during NCA synthesis has a remarkable effect on the Al3+ dissolution ratio, and the loss rate of Al3+ is as high as 23.14% for lithium excess ratio up to 10 at.%. Characterization analyses of the electrochemical performance, structure, morphology and elemental chemical state of the samples demonstrate that the dissolution of Li+ and Al3+ from NCA deteriorates the cyclic performance, structural stability and thermal stability.
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