Abstract
Danger signals induced by ionizing radiation (IR) may contribute to an immune-mediated response at the irradiated tumor site, thereby negating the immunosuppressive microenvironment of established tumors. We previously demonstrated that fractionated IR induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect, when combined with CTLA-4 antibodies in vivo. However, the initiating molecular mechanisms behind this effect are not well understood. Recently, Guido Kroemer's group at Villejuif demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can restore the immunogenicity of tumors treated with oxaliplatin, via the surface expression of calreticulin (CRT), an ER resident protein and potent dendritic cell “eat me” signal.
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