Abstract
As nuclear technology evolves, and continues to be used in various fields since its discovery less than a century ago, radiation safety has become a major concern to humans and the environment. Radiation monitoring plays a significant role in preventive radiological nuclear detection in nuclear facilities, hospitals, or in any activities associated with radioactive materials by acting as a tool to measure the risk of being exposed to radiation while reaping its benefit. Apart from in occupational settings, radiation monitoring is required in emergency responses to radiation incidents as well as outdoor radiation zones. Several radiation sensors have been developed, ranging from as simple as a Geiger-Muller counter to bulkier radiation systems such as the High Purity Germanium detector, with different functionality for use in different settings, but the inability to provide real-time data makes radiation monitoring activities less effective. The deployment of manned vehicles equipped with these radiation sensors reduces the scope of radiation monitoring operations significantly, but the safety of radiation monitoring operators is still compromised. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been introduced to the world and offered solutions to these limitations. This review elucidates a systematic understanding of the fundamental usage of the Internet of Drones for radiation monitoring purposes. The extension of essential functional blocks in IoT can be expanded across radiation monitoring industries, presenting several emerging research opportunities and challenges. This article offers a comprehensive review of the evolutionary application of IoT technology in nuclear and radiation monitoring. Finally, the security of the nuclear industry is discussed.
Highlights
A radiation detector can be installed on a system that uses a vehicle to perform radiation monitoring, and this can be achieved with the help of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) such as cars, vans, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones
Power Plant accident, a 30 years old monitoring system, SPEEDI was blamed for the disaster due to the failure to release information to help evacuation [84]. This can be counteracted through the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), where smart radiation sensors can communicate with end-users with the help of the Internet, which will provide real-time data
This paper reviewed the evolutionary application of IoT technology in nuclear and radiation monitoring, where data can be remotely stored, analyzed, and used for decision making or for taking any action
Summary
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) was deployed to overcome the human safety issue by installing nodes to radiation sensors that can collect and transmit radiation data to a base station wirelessly [7] This technology may assist in reducing the radiation exposure of radiation personnel, the packet transmission of large throughput from the scattered coverage of sensor nodes in the nuclear environment may lead to the failure of the central node, which can paralyze the entire radiation monitoring network. The provision of a comprehensive review of the evolutionary application of IoT technology in nuclear and radiation monitoring, starts as early as the wireless sensor networks era until the current progress on the Internet of Things adoption.
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