Abstract
Freely falling deuterium pellets containing 1...2*1018 deuterium atoms were irradiated with a high power Nd laser and ionized. For complete ionization of the pellet it is necessary to apply the laser energy in two consecutive pulses separated by a few hundred nanoseconds. The first laser pulse with only little energy disintegrates the pellet, whereas the main following ionizes the material. The influence of the following parameters on plasma production were investigated: laser energy of prepulse and main pulse, pulse separation, laser beam diameter at the pellet sites and irradiation from one and two directions. Under optimum conditions for all these parameters-which are not independent of each other-almost 100 per cent ionization of the pellet was achieved. Approximately 30 per cent of the laser energy is measured as ion kinetic energy of the plasma. The number of electrons was determined by holographic interferometry, the number and energy of ions were measured with 12 Faraday cups. The laser energy balance was achieved with various diodes, calorimeters and an integrating sphere around the pellet site.
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