Abstract

The energies of the lowest ionization band of eight liquids of low vapor pressure are determined from energy distribution curves (EDC), quantum yield spectra (collected electrons per incident photon as a function of photon energy), and second derivative curves (SDC) of retarding potential curves. Threshold energies from EDCs and quantum yield spectra agree if one takes into account a 0.15 e V shift caused by the spectrometer's rather low resolution and a small difference (0.15 eV or less) resulting from the use of approximate extrapolation methods. Threshold energies from EDCs and SDCs agree to within 0.1 eV after correction for the half-width of the high-energy branch of SDCs. Multiple ionization bands are exhibited by the SDCs of some of the liquids, and the observed splittings agree well with the results from gas-phase UPS spectra. A new spectrometer for the measurement of EDCs of liquids is described. The liquids studied are 6-chloro-1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, ethylene cyanohydrin, ethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraglyme, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.

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