Abstract
Electrodeposition of tin (Sn) on a Ni electrode has been investigated in three ionic liquids, i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIm]BF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([EMIm]TfO) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIm]DCA). Sn(II) ion was introduced into the ionic liquids by dissolving SnCl2. The different redox potentials of the Sn(II)/Sn couple imply that different Sn(II) species were formed in these solvents. Voltammetric studies reveal that the reduction of Sn(II) in these systems involves a diffusion-controlled irreversible process. The microstructure of the Sn electrodeposits can be significantly influenced by altering the anion of the ionic liquids and the electrodeposition potential. The electrochemical performances of the as-prepared Sn electrodeposits as anodes for lithium-ion batteries were studied. The Sn electrode electrodeposited in [EMIm]DCA ionic liquid shows a high discharge/charge capacity of 515 and 502 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. The cycling performance is evidently better than those of the Sn electrodes obtained in [EMIm]BF4 and [EMIm]TfO ionic liquids.
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