Ionic liquids as solvent and solvent additives for the synthesis of sol–gel materials

Abstract

The ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was used as a drying control chemical additive in the synthesis of silica sol–gel materials with and without methanol as a co-solvent. The resulting gels were characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and water sorption kinetics. Calcined gels were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherms for surface area and pore volume determination. Non-calcined gels were monolithic and showed general cloudiness with lesser degrees observed at higher IL volumes. Calcinations resulted in the formation of powders with increased available surface area as the amount of IL volume was increased. This is consistent with an increase in respective pore volume but a general decrease in average pore size. The resulting materials exhibited conventional structural microdomains, in contrast to periodicity reported when other ionic liquids were used as templates.