Abstract
In this study, a novel synthesis adsorbent, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate functionlized on multiwall carbon nanotubes ([Apmim][PF6]-MWCNTs, IL@MWCNTS) was used for nickel/lead (Ni/Pb) extraction and determination by dispersive ionic liquid micro solid-phase extraction (DIL-μ-SPE) coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). After dilution of 20 mg of IL@MWCNTS in 200 μL of acetone, the mixture was injected to 10 mL of human serum/urine samples at pH of 8.0. After sonication for 5 min, the Ni(II) / Pb(II) were extracted by ionic liquid phase and then centrifuged for 2.5 min. The upper liquid phase set aside and Ni(II) / Pb(II) loaded in adsorbent were back-extracted by acidic solution at pH=2-3. Finally, the concentration of total nickel and lead was determined by ET-AAS. By optimizing, the limit of detection, linear range, and enrichment factor for nickel and lead were obtained (0.05 μg L−1; 0.1 μg L−1), (0.2-5.8 μg L−1; 0.4-30 μg L−1) and 24.7; 5.1, respectively (RSD less than 5%). Also, the capacity absorption of IL@MWCNTS for nickel and lead ions were achieved 149.3 mg g-1 and 162.5 mg g-1, respectively. The DIL-μ-SPE procedure was validated for nickel and lead extraction by spiking of real samples and ICP-MS analyzer.
Highlights
Lead and nickel (Pb, Ni) have toxic effects and use in different industries
The lead and nickel were extracted and determined based on the IL-MWCNTs nanostructures which characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)
Due to FE-Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images with different scale bars, a clear change in the morphology of [Apmim][PF6] immobilized on MWCNTs were seen that showed the ionic liquid has been immobilized on the MWCNTs
Summary
Lead and nickel (Pb, Ni) have toxic effects and use in different industries. Heavy metals as nonessential elements have widely distributed in the environment (air, soils, waters) and humans. Human exposure of heavy metals cause to various diseases such as cancer. Pb and Ni is a naturally occurring element found in small amounts in the earth’s crust [1] While it has some beneficial uses, it can be toxic to humans and animals, and cause to health effects. The most exposure of lead and nickel related to human activities including, the fossil fuels, gasoline, the industrial facilities, the nickel cadmium battery, and paint factories. Nickel toxicity caused to many problems in human systems or organs such as renal, liver, brain, cardiovascular system, immune system and heart. Normal range for Ni in healthy peoples is 0.2 μgL-1 in serum and less than 3.0 μgL-1 in human urine
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