Abstract
The design and properties of surface-active ionic liquids that are able to form stable microemulsions with heptane and water are presented, and their promise as reaction media for thermomorphic palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is demonstrated.
Highlights
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, isotropic, optically transparent solutions composed of two intrinsically immiscible solvents in the presence of one or more surfactants, and have found wide application for catalytic reactions and processes.[1,2] They are suitable as nanoreactors for many catalytic transformations due to their microstructure, which may vary continuously from spherical to cylindrical, tubular, and bicontinuous oil and water phases.[3]
The formation of stable microemulsions between two intrinsically immiscible liquids, e.g., oil and water, requires the presence of amphiphiles to reduce the interfacial tension between the two phases to a very low value
Less attention has been focused on the use of ionic liquids as amphiphiles themselves, and only a few examples exist where surface-active ionic liquids are used to reduce the interfacial tension of two immiscible solvents to form stable microemulsions.[11]
Summary
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, isotropic, optically transparent solutions composed of two intrinsically immiscible solvents in the presence of one or more surfactants, and have found wide application for catalytic reactions and processes.[1,2] They are suitable as nanoreactors for many catalytic transformations due to their microstructure, which may vary continuously from spherical to cylindrical, tubular, and bicontinuous oil and water phases.[3]. The design and synthesis of surface-active ionic liquids composed of both surface-active cations and anions that are capable of forming stable microemulsions with heptane and water are reported.
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