Ionic liquid assisted the extraction of cellulose from de-oiled Calophyllum inophyllum cake and its characterization

Abstract

The present work reports the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM] Cl, assisted extraction, and characterization of cellulose from the Calophyllum inophyllum de-oiled cake. The yield of the cellulose from the ionic liquid extraction was approximately 23.81 ± 1.72% w/w of the de-oiled cake, which is almost equal to any other fractionation. SEM imaging revealed the swollen nature of cellulose fibers. The results of FTIR affirmed the presence of cellulose functional groups and the absence of hemicellulose and lignin. XRD analysis revealed 81% crystallinity of the cellulose. The dominant carbon peaks from 60 to 106 ppm from CP/MAS 13C NMR also confirmed the presence and purity of cellulose. The thermal degradation pattern of extracted cellulose in between 200 and 350 °C was in good agreement with the literature. Overall, the present results confirmed that a high-quality cellulose fraction could be produced from the lignocellulosic biomass by employing a competent and green approach using the ionic liquid [BMIM] Cl.