Abstract
Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies.
Highlights
One of the key advantages of carbohydrates, especially cellulose and chitin, is their abundance and favorable properties such as mechanical robustness and biocompatibility [1,2,3,4]
The IR spectra of the calcium phosphates obtained by reaction in the presence of glacial acetic acid (GAA) after 24 h (CPGAA24, for details of labeling see Experimental part) show no band in the range of 3500 cm−1, which suggests that these precipitates are relatively free from water or hydroxy groups
The IR spectra of the calcium phosphates precipitated in the presence of glacial acetic acid (GAA) after 48 h (CPGAA48) mainly shows bands associated with apatite at 1045 and 1169 cm−1 (P–O ν3), 563 and 606 cm−1 (P–O ν4 ), and 960 and 802 cm−1 (P–O ν1)
Summary
One of the key advantages of carbohydrates, especially cellulose and chitin, is their abundance and favorable properties such as mechanical robustness and biocompatibility [1,2,3,4]. The growth (mineralization) of calcium phosphate on polysaccharides may lead to composites with properties that are useful for the regeneration of hard tissue even though the chemical composition of these materials is different from the original biomaterial [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. The synthesis of carbohydrate-based hybrid materials is not straightforward. This is due to the fact that many carbohydrates exhibit low solubilities in aqueous media. Aqueous solutions are the most commonly used media for calcium phosphate mineralization [12,13]. Mineralization of carbohydrates often yields heterogeneous materials with properties that are not suited for an application. A number of authors have reported the successful mineralization of carbohydrates with various calcium phosphates
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
