Ionic liquid as separation enhancer in thin-layer chromatography of biosurfactants: mutual separation of sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate

Ali Mohammad,Rizwana Mobin

doi:10.1186/s40543-015-0058-1

Ali Mohammad, Rizwana Mobin

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-015-0058-1

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Abstract

Physiological biosurfactants plays an important role in digestion of lipids and cholesterol also emulsifies fat-soluble vitamins. A new green thin-layer chromatographic system comprising ionic liquid (1-methylimidazolium chloride) impregnated silica gel G and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran as stationary and mobile phases was found to be most suitable for the separation of ternary mixture of biosurfactants (sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate). The surface structure and chemical composition of silica gel G modified by impregnation with 1-methylimidazolium chloride were examined with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry, respectively. Compared to plain silica gel, enhanced separation efficiency of ionic liquid impregnated silica gel was observed for the resolution of biosurfactants from their mixture. Chromatographic parameters such as ΔR F, separation factor (α) and resolution (R S) for the separation were calculated. Effect of foreign substances (metal cations, inorganic anions, vitamins, amino acids and non-ionic surfactants as impurities) on the separation of surfactants was also examined. Effects of concentration level of 1-methylimidazolium chloride as impregnant and its substitution by other ionic liquids (1,2,3-trimethylimidazoliummethyl sulphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) were also studied to decide the optimum experimental conditions for better separation possibilities. The limits of detection of sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate were calculated. A new green thin-layer chromatographic system comprising ionic liquid (1-methylimidazolium chloride) impregnated silica gel G and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran as stationary and mobile phases provide the most suitable environment for the separation of ternary mixture of biosurfactants.

Highlights

Physiological biosurfactants plays an important role in digestion of lipids and cholesterol emulsifies fat-soluble vitamins
Bile salts commonly occurring as sodium salts of bile acid and produced in the liver of mammals are known as primary bile acids, and those produced by the bacteria present in the colon are called secondary bile acids
Thin-layer chromatography of three biosurfactants was performed on pure silica gel plate and silica gel G impregnated with different concentration levels (0.1~10%) of 1methylimidazolium chloride using four mobile phases (M1-M4) in order to select a novel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) system for achieving separation of three coexisting biosurfactants

Summary

Introduction

Physiological biosurfactants plays an important role in digestion of lipids and cholesterol emulsifies fat-soluble vitamins. In affinity chromatography SC is used for preventing non-specific binding. It is used in cell culture media supplements Sodium Cholate, Pierce Biotechnology, USA. SDC is used as a non-surgical cosmetic medicinal treatment in mesotherapy injection and acts as a photo-resistant component in microlithography (Nanda 2011; Matarasso and Pfeifer 2009; Kim et al 2000). Analysis of these biosurfactants has been important because of their physiological importance

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