Ionic Dispersion of Pt and Pd on CeO2 by Combustion Method: Effect of Metal–Ceria Interaction on Catalytic Activities for NO Reduction and CO and Hydrocarbon Oxidation

Abstract

Ceria-supported Pt and Pd catalysts have been synthesized by the combustion method. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pt and Pd metals are ionically dispersed on the CeO2 surface of crystallite sizes in the range of 15–20 nm. In 1% Pt/CeO2 Pt is found to be in the +2 and +4 oxidation states whereas Pd is in the +2 state in 1% Pd/CeO2. Catalytic activities for NO reduction by CO, NH3, CH4, and C3H8 and CO, CH4, and C3H8 oxidation by O2 have been investigated over all these catalysts using the temperature-programmed reaction technique. The results are compared with Pt and Pd metals dispersed on α-Al2O3 support prepared by the combustion technique. Both oxidation and reduction reactions occur at much lower temperatures over M/CeO2 compared to those over M/Al2O3 (M=Pt, Pd). The rate and turnover frequency of NO+CO and CO+O2 reactions over M/CeO2 are higher than those over M/Al2O3. The observed enhanced catalytic activity of M/CeO2 has been attributed to the ionic dispersion of Pt and Pd on CeO2 leading to a strong metal–ceria interaction in the form of solid solution, Ce1−xMxO2−(4−n)x/2, having linkages of the type −O2−–Ce4+–O2−–Mn+–O2−−(n=2, 4) on the CeO2 surface.