Abstract
Mastering the complexity of mixed ionic–electronic conduction in hybrid perovskite solar cells is a most critical challenge in the quest for further developing and, eventually, commercializing this technology. In this Perspective, we refer to the literature invoking ion transport in hybrid perovskite devices when interpreting their long time scale behavior. We present an overview on the defect chemistry of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), and we extend the discussion to some of the questions about composition that are currently being addressed in the field. We further consider the entangled relation between ionic and electronic charge carriers in mixed conducting solar cells at equilibrium as well as out-of-equilibrium conditions. We review and suggest research directions that can bridge defect chemistry with device physics of hybrid perovskite solar cells and enrich the know-how concerning this exciting intersection.
Highlights
Mastering the complexity of mixed ionic−electronic conduction in hybrid perovskite solar cells is a most critical challenge in the quest for further developing and, eventually, commercializing this technology
Varying the stoichiometry within the homogeneity range of the ABX3 phase, substituting and mixing different elements in any of the A, B, and X positions, as well as altering the structure’s dimensionality provide a collection of compositions with a broad range of optoelectronic properties and tools for device optimization.[2−5] The device fabrication is based on the processing of hybrid perovskite thin films which benefits from the simplicity and versatility of solution-based and physical evaporation-based techniques.[6,7]
Ion transport in hybrid perovskites is a nontraditional feature for a photovoltaic material and causes significant disruption to the device characterization and optimization
Summary
Ion transport in hybrid perovskites is a nontraditional feature for a photovoltaic material and causes significant disruption to the device characterization and optimization. While recent evidence highlighted the importance of mobile ionic defects when building a picture of hybrid perovskite solar cells in the dark under equilibrium conditions, quantifying their influence on device behavior under bias and on the photoconversion efficiency is still an ongoing challenge in the field Addressing such question requires further experimental characterization of the coupling between electronic and ionic defects, which needs to be supported by appropriate theoretical models. Davide Moia is a Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research He investigated electron transfer in dye-sensitized systems during his Ph.D. studies at Imperial College London and as a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow at Shinshu University.
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