Abstract
Elementary processes involving molecular ions in atmospheric air are considered and include charge exchange processes, ion-molecular reactions, associative ionization, and formation of cluster ions. Molecular ions in the troposphere are formed under the action of cosmic rays, move due to air convection and are destroyed in ion-ion recombination collisions in a dry atmosphere or attach to aerosols in clouds. From detection of atmospheric ions and this analysis it follows that cosmic rays penetrate in all atmospheric layers. The number densities of ions located at different layers are determined by rates of corresponding elementary processes. An equilibrium between molecular ions and charged aerosols is analyzed in a cloud that is neutral on average.
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