Ion Impact Induced Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Finite Graphene‐Type Hubbard Clusters

Abstract

Strongly correlated systems of fermions have an interesting phase diagram arising from the Hubbard gap. Excitation across the gap leads to the formation of doubly occupied lattice sites (doublons) which offers interesting electronic and optical properties. Moreover, when the system is driven out of equilibrium interesting collective dynamics may arise that are related to the spatial propagation of doublons. Here, a novel mechanism that was recently proposed by the authors [Balzer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 267602 (2018)] is verified by exact diagonalization and nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF) simulations – fermionic doublon creation by the impact of energetic ions. The formation of a nonequilibrium steady state with homogeneous doublon distribution is reported. The effect should be particularly important for correlated finite systems, such as graphene nanoribbons, and directly observable with fermionic atoms in optical lattices. It is demonstrated that doublon formation and propagation in correlated lattice systems can be accurately simulated with NEGF. In addition to two‐time results, single‐time results within the generalized Kadanoff–Baym ansatz (GKBA) with Hartree–Fock propagators (HF‐GKBA) is presented. Finally systematic improvements of the GKBA that use correlated propagators (correlated GKBA) and a correlated initial state are discussed.