Abstract
Modulation of auroral hiss at harmonics of the proton gyrofrequency has been observed by the VLF receiver on the Canadian ISIS 2 satellite; the observed value of the proton gyrofrequency is less than the local proton gyrofrequency in the immediate vicinity of the satellite. In addition, modulation at harmonics of the helium gyrofrequency has been observed on ELF hiss inside and outside the plasmasphere. These observations and a number of other related VLF phenomena observed by others (electrostatic noise seen on the Javelin 8.46 rocket, V-shaped VLF noise and saucers) are discussed in terms of the Landau instability process excited by non-thermal electrons streaming along the magnetic field of the Earth. Whistler modulation is also discussed.
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