Abstract
By means of selective microelectrodes, fluxes of potassium, hydrogen, sodium, and chloride ions, together with measurements of tissue PO 2 in brain, liver, muscle, gut, and connective tissue were compared in arterial hypoxemia, acute ischemia, and hypovolemic shock. Brain cells showed early K + leakage before pH changes were detectable, while both liver and muscle tolerated mild pH falls without loss of membrane potential. Most cells, other than muscle and macrophages, showed ultrastructural damage when the intracellular pH fell below 6.6. In gut epithelium, ischemic hypoxia destroyed intracellular ion gradients. In brain and liver, ischemic changes were at first nonhomogeneous. Potassium efflux spread from anoxic areas to produce membrane depolarization outside the hypoxic zone. Changes in glucose and lactate concentrations were followed with micro-enzyme-electrodes.
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