Abstract
Large ion crystals containing as many as 105 laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions arranged in 10 cylindrical shells around a central string have been observed in a linear Paul trap. For smaller crystals consisting of approximately 3500 ions, the varying linear charge densities along the trap axis give rise to well-defined transition regions between the different shell-structures. These structures and the transition regions as a function of linear density are in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. The micromotion of the ions in such smaller crystals is also investigated through comparison with MD-simulations. Finally, the degree and progression of ordering in the plasma have been observed for various temperatures and compared with MD-simulations. Good qualitative agreement is again obtained.
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