Abstract
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 (summer 2010) was designed to resolve the nature of fluid-rock interactions in young, upper volcanic crust on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Expedition 327 drilled, cased and cored two new basement holes, conducted hydrogeologic experiments, and installed subseafloor borehole observatories (<i>Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits</i>, CORKs). These CORKs were intended to allow borehole conditions to recover to a more natural state after the dissipation of disturbances caused by drilling, casing, and other operations; provide a long-term monitoring and sampling presence for determining fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and microbiology; and facilitate the completion of active experiments to resolve crustal hydrogeologic conditions and processes. Expedition 327 was followed (summer 2011) by R/V <i>Atlantis</i> Expedition AT18-07, with the remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) <i>Jason</i>, to service these CORKs, collect subseafloor pressure data, recover and deploy autonomous fluid and microbial samplers, collect large volumes of borehole fluids, and initiate a cross-hole hydrogeologic experiment using an electromagnetic flow meter. In addition, <i>Atlantis</i> Expedition AT18-07 refurbished an old CORK that could not be replaced during IODP Expedition 327, completing a critical part of the three-dimensional observation network that is currently being used to monitor a large-scale, directional formation response to long-term fluid flow from the crust. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.13.01.2011" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.13.01.2011</a>
Highlights
Introduction and GoalsFluid flow within volcanic ocean crust influences the thermal and chemical evolution of oceanic lithosphere and lithospheric fluids; subseafloor microbial ecosystems; diagenetic, seismic, and magmatic activity along plate-boundary faults; and the creation of ore deposits on and below the seafloor (Coggon et al, 2010; Huber et al, 2006; Parsons and Sclater, 1977)
Expedition 327 built from the technical and scientific achievements and lessons learned during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 168 (Davis et al, 1997), which focused on hydrothermal processes within uppermost basement rocks and sediments along an age transect, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 301 (Fisher et al, 2005a), which penetrated deeper into the crust at the eastern end of the Leg 168 transect (Fig. 1)
CORKs were installed in basement holes to allow borehole conditions to recover to a more natural state after the dissipation of disturbances caused by drilling, casing, and other operations; to provide a long-term monitoring and sampling presence for determining fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and microbiology; and to facilitate the completion of active experiments to resolve crustal hydrogeologic conditions and processes (Fisher et al, 2005b, 2011c; Orcutt et al, 2010b; Wheat et al, in review)
Summary
Introduction and GoalsFluid flow within volcanic ocean crust influences the thermal and chemical evolution of oceanic lithosphere and lithospheric fluids; subseafloor microbial ecosystems; diagenetic, seismic, and magmatic activity along plate-boundary faults; and the creation of ore deposits on and below the seafloor (Coggon et al, 2010; Huber et al, 2006; Parsons and Sclater, 1977). CORKs were installed in basement holes to allow borehole conditions to recover to a more natural state after the dissipation of disturbances caused by drilling, casing, and other operations; to provide a long-term monitoring and sampling presence for determining fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and microbiology; and to facilitate the completion of active experiments to resolve crustal hydrogeologic conditions and processes (Fisher et al, 2005b, 2011c; Orcutt et al, 2010b; Wheat et al, in review).
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