Iodine, and selected goitrogens measured in some common grains from Sokoto zones, Nigeria

Abstract

This study aimed to determine iodine, selected goitrogens in some grains in Sokoto. Related factors were measured in clay, loamy, and sandy soils using standard methods and reagents of analytical grade. Western zone (WZ) has highest iodine (29 ± 0.01 ppm), then Central Zone (CZ) (26 ± 0.01 ppm), and Eastern Zone (EZ) had (24 ± 0.01 ppm). Sandy soil had highest pH (6.55 ± 0.08), then clay (5.02 ± 0.06) and lastly loamy soil (4.02 ± 0.05). Organic matter was highest in clay (7.3±1.02%), loamy soil (6.0 ± 1.5%), and lastly sandy soil (6.0 ± 1.5%). Iodine in rice (25 ± 0.014ppm) was higher (P<0.05) in WZ than (17±0.016 ppm) in EZ. Iodine in maize differed significantly (P < 0.05) between WZ (28 ± 0.013 ppm) and EZ (20.0 ± 0.013 ppm). The difference (P < 0.05) in iodine level of millet in WZ (18 ± 0.012 ppm) was higher than EZ (11 ± 0.014 ppm). In sorghum, iodine level between WZ (19 ± 0.010 ppm) and EZ (12 ± 0.012 ppm) differed significantly (P<0.05). Goitrogens in studied grains are: 1.2 ± 0.04 to 8.7 ± 0.56ppm, 2.2 ± 0.04 to 5.8 ± 0.16ppm, 25 ± 0.34 to 48 ± 0.03ppm, and 30 ± 0.56 to 47 ± 0.53ppm for cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, thiocyanate, and total polyphenols respectively. There was significant (p < 0.05) iodine in grains of the state. However, goitrogens found in the grains could affect people that consume low-iodine diet or goitrogen laced-diet chronically.