Involvement of vasopressin in brain edema formation: further evidence obtained from the Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rat with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Abstract

Brain water accumulation (1.2%) with an accompanying increase in the sodium content was observed in Wistar rats as early as 1 hour after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). After 6 and 24 hours, the water content was 1.3 and 1.4%, respectively, higher than that of control animals. In contrast, in Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats the content of brain water and electrolytes had not changed significantly 1 hour after the administration of blood into the subarachnoid space. Increased brain water and sodium and a normal potassium content, indicative of a vasogenic type of brain edema, were seen at 6 hours after SAH. In these animals, known to be devoid of vasopressin, the increase in brain water 24 hours after SAH was 2.6%, compared with 1.4% for Wistar rats with SAH. It is suggested that the lack of vasopressin could alter the course of brain edema formation after experimental SAH in Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats. It is hypothesized that vasopressin, by regulating the water permeability of the brain capillaries, the choroid plexus, and the cerebrospinal fluid absorption structures, plays an important role in controlling the brain fluid and electrolyte balance during the course of SAH.