Abstract
MEN1 mutation predisposes patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a genetic syndrome associated with the predominant co-occurrence of endocrine tumors. Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that MEN1 could also be involved in the development of breast and prostate cancers, two major hormone-related cancers. The first clues as to its possible role arose from the identification of the physical and functional interactions between the menin protein, encoded by MEN1, and estrogen receptor α and androgen receptor. In parallel, our team observed that aged heterozygous Men1 mutant mice developed cancerous lesions in mammary glands of female and in the prostate of male mutant mice at low frequencies, in addition to endocrine tumors. Finally, observations made both in MEN1 patients and in sporadic breast and prostate cancers further confirmed the role played by menin in these two cancers. In this review, we present the currently available data concerning the complex and multifaceted involvement of MEN1 in these two types of hormone-dependent cancers.
Highlights
The most frequently encountered hormone-dependent cancers are breast and prostate cancers.The prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has increased such that its incidence is ranked second after lung cancer among cancers occurring in women [1], with 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths in 2018
Recent studies have further attempted to divide this classification into six subtypes by including basal-like and androgen receptor (LAR) subtypes, the latter displaying a high level of androgen receptor (AR) expression and an enrichment in AR signaling [6]
ERα-positive BC subtypes are the most sensitive to hormonotherapy using either selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERD), whereas the treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched BCs has been greatly improved owing to therapies targeting the HER2 receptor
Summary
The most frequently encountered hormone-dependent cancers are breast and prostate cancers. Prostate cancer (PCa), with its 174,650 new cases and 31,620 deaths estimated in 2019 in the USA alone [2], continues to represent a major cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in men. Their global health burden is enormous, especially in developed countries, where their incidence is increasing [3]. Endocrines 2020, 1 into the mechanisms underlying the development of these two cancers, and into their treatment, and may provide new markers for their diagnosis and prognosis
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