Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) depicts a genetically encoded and an orderly mode of cellular mortality. When triggered by internal or external stimuli, cells initiate PCDs through evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanisms. Actin, as a multifunctional cytoskeleton protein that forms microfilament, its integrity and dynamics are essential for a variety of cellular processes (e.g., morphogenesis, membrane blebbing and intracellular transport). Decades of work have broadened our knowledge about different types of PCDs and their distinguished signaling pathways. However, an ever-increasing pool of evidences indicate that the delicate relationship between PCDs and the actin cytoskeleton is beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the relationships between different PCDs and the actin machinery (actin, actin-binding proteins and proteins involved in different actin signaling pathways), in the hope that this attempt can shed light on ensuing studies and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Highlights
Cell death, according to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death, can be classified into two big categories: accidental cell death (ACD) and programmed cell death (PCD) (Galluzzi et al, 2018)
This study showed that Caspase-1 and Caspase-11, the two key regulators in pyroptosis, converge on the actin cytoskeleton in contrasting ways by dephosphorylating or phosphorylating Cofilin (Caution et al, 2015)
It is noteworthy that the ESCRT-III complex, which cooperates with the actin cytoskeleton during cytokinetic abscission and wound healing (Meng et al, 2020; Vietri et al, 2020), functions in pyroptosis membrane repair (Rühl et al, 2018). These findings reveal a tight connection between pyroptosis and the actin machinery
Summary
Cell death, according to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death, can be classified into two big categories: accidental cell death (ACD) and programmed cell death (PCD) (Galluzzi et al, 2018). PCD, on the contrary, defines genetically fine-regulated preset cell death processes. A handful of conceptually distinct PCDs have been discovered (Tang et al, 2019). According to the timeline of naming, PCDs include: Apoptosis, Lysosomal cell death, Pyroptosis, NETosis, Necroptosis, Entosis, Parthanatos, Ferroptosis, Autosis, Alkaliptosis, Oxeiptosis, etc. These subprograms can exterminate cells in different ways, causing featured morphological alterations, signaling cascade changes and different immunological consequences
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