Abstract
BackgroundSulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) is present in the membranes of cyanobacteria and their postulated progeny, plastids, in plants. A cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, requires SQDG for growth: its mutant (SD1) with the sqdB gene for SQDG synthesis disrupted can grow with external supplementation of SQDG. However, upon removal of SQDG from the medium, its growth is retarded, with a decrease in the cellular content of SQDG throughout cell division, and finally ceases. Concomitantly with the decrease in SQDG, the maximal activity of photosynthesis at high-light intensity is repressed by 40%.FindingsWe investigated effects of SQDG-defect on physiological aspects in Synechocystis with the use of SD1. SD1 cells defective in SQDG exhibited normal photosynthesis at low-light intensity as on culturing. Meanwhile, SD1 cells defective in SQDG were impaired in light-activated heterotrophic growth as well as in photoautotrophic growth. Flow cytometric analysis of the photoautotrophically growing cells gave similar cell size histograms for the wild type and SD1 supplemented with SQDG. However, the profile of SD1 defective in SQDG changed such that large part of the cell population was increased in size. Of particular interest was the microscopic observation that the mitotic index, i.e., population of dumbbell-like cells with a septum, increased from 14 to 29% in the SD1 culture without SQDG. Flow cytometric analysis also showed that the enlarged cells of SD1 defective in SQDG contained high levels of Chl, however, the DNA content was low.ConclusionsOur experiments strongly support the idea that photosynthesis is not the limiting factor for the growth of SD1 defective in SQDG, and that SQDG is responsible for some physiologically fundamental process common to both photoautotrophic and light-activated heterotrophic growth. Our findings suggest that the SQDG-defect allows construction of the photosynthetic machinery at an elevated level for an increase in cell mass, but represses DNA synthesis. SQDG may be essential for normal replication of chromosomal DNA for completion of the cell cycle.
Highlights
Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) is present in the membranes of cyanobacteria and their postulated progeny, plastids, in plants
Our experiments strongly support the idea that photosynthesis is not the limiting factor for the growth of SD1 defective in SQDG, and that SQDG is responsible for some physiologically fundamental process common to both photoautotrophic and light-activated heterotrophic growth
Our findings suggest that the SQDGdefect allows construction of the photosynthetic machinery at an elevated level for an increase in cell mass, but represses DNA synthesis
Summary
Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) is present in the membranes of cyanobacteria and their postulated progeny, plastids, in plants. SQDG was found to contribute to the functional and/or structural synthesis capacity was increased in C. reinhardtii to maintain SQDG at 5% of the initial level throughout the period of sulfur-starvation [7]. It seemed that the minor level of SQDG, as a membrane lipid, stabilizes the structure of the PSI complex [8]. Of particular interest in this context is that SQDG is required for the growth of Synechocystis, but not for that of either Synechococcus, C. reinhardtii or A. thaliana [3,5,6,10]
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