Involvement of mast cells, CD68+ and VEGF+ expressions in response to Himatanthus drasticus commercial latex in mice wound healing model

G.J.L Santos,S.M Morais,D.C.S Nunes-Pinheiro,J.C.C Freitas,A.L.M Rodrigues,T.C Ferreira,V.C.C Girão

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9163

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate Himatanthus drasticus latex in a mice wound healing experimental model. Animals were divided into four groups (n=7) according to the treatments: GI - saline 0.9% (control), GII - mineral oil (vehicle), GIII - H. drasticus commercial latex (HdCL) and GIV - H. drasticus mixed isolated fraction (MIF, 1 mg/mL). The treatments were applied topically once daily, 50 µL for 14 consecutive days. Macroscopic lesions were evaluated, considering parameters such as swelling, redness, granulation tissue and reepithelialization. VEGF+, CD68+ expressions and mast cells (Toluidin blue stain) were evaluated. HdCL induced higher contraction and exuberant granulation tissue (P > 0.05). HdCL showed a mild inflammatory process while MIF induced intense infiltrate inflammatory predominantly by lymphocytes, vascular congestion, bleeding and did not presented full reepithelialization. Reorganization of collagen fibers (red picrosirius stain) was observed. CD68+ expression and mast cells were presented as moderate, intense and mild in GI, GIII and GIV, respectively. Neovascularization occurred in all groups, while VEGF+ expression was intense in MIF in relation to HdCL. We concluded that HdCL presents wound healing potential, through modulation of mast cells, CD68+ and VEGF+ expressions that can be associated to triterpenes presence according MIF isolated from HdCL.

Highlights

Himatanthus is a midsize plant of Apocynaceae family distributed in 14 species spread throughout South America (Mousinho et al, 2011)
The analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the compound isolated from H. drasticus latex, assessed by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography, showed two pairs of doublets in δ 7.71 (1H, J=16Hz) and δ 6.49 (1H, J=16 Hz) and in δ 7.66 (1H, J=16Hz) and δ 6.44 (1H, J=16 Hz) correspondent to two double bonds conjugated with a carboxyl groups of a cinnamoyl moiety
The compound isolated from Janaguba latex analyzed by 13C- and 1H NMR spectroscopy showed to be a mixture of three cinnamoyl derivatives of lupeol (1), α-amyrin (2) and β-amyrin (3) (Figure 1C)

Summary

Introduction

Himatanthus is a midsize plant of Apocynaceae family distributed in 14 species spread throughout South America (Mousinho et al, 2011). Among the species of this genus, H. drasticus and H. bracteatus are restricted to Brazil (Lucetti et al, 2010). The most used and which has greater economic importance is H. drasticus, known in Brazil for janaguba, tiborna, jasmim-manga, raivosa, pau-de-leite and joanaguba (Baldauf and Santos, 2013). In Ceará, H. drasticus is found more often in Araripe, where locals remove the latex for commercialization purposes and to use in the treatment of gastritis, hemorrhoids, anemia, cancer, inflammation and wound healing (Baldauf and Santos, 2013). H. drasticus latex is commonly used, it is not described among the recognized phytotherapic products (Oliveira et al, 2012)

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