Involvement of Markers D2-40, Cd10 and F-Actin in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion of the Tongue

Abstract

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of lingual squamous carcinoma, especially among young people, has been seen to be the most common form of oral cancer. In addition, this localization appears to be one of the most aggressive forms of oral squamous carcinoma, being highly locally invasive, with early metastasis, with a high rate of relapse and with a survival rate of 5 years being below 60%. To explain this phenotype, recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying lingual carcinogenesis, including loco-regional invasiveness with the study of markers involved in this process. From this perspective, our study proposed the investigation of the reactivity of markers D2-40, CD10 and F-actin in 57 squamous carcinomas of the tongue diagnosed in various stages, and we selected cases from the Archives of the Pathological Anatomy Laboratory of the County Emergency Hospital of Craiova (SCJUCraiova) during the years 2015-2017. The immunohistochemical technique used was that of detecting the LSAB enzyme, and the evaluation of tumor immunoreactivity was done using the semi-quantitative score described by Remmele and Stegner. Tumor reactivity was present mainly in moderately differentiated forms, usually periferic of the proliferation, in the invasion front, more intense in the acantholytic variant. On the opposite side there were cases of well differentiated squamous carcinoma, which obtained the lowest immunoreactivity scores. Reactivity was also present at the stromal level, especially in cases involving a desmoplastic reaction and inflammatory stroma cases, respectively. The pattern of predominant reactions at the periphery of the proliferation and the interface with the inflammatory or desmoplastic stroma proves the adoption by these neoplastic cells of a more aggressive phenotype with their successive involvement in local invasion and metastasis. Therefore, the markers used have prognostic value identifying the most aggressive forms of lingual squamous carcinoma thus allowing a therapeutic stratification of these patients who will benefit from a molecular targeting therapy. Keywords: tongue, squamous cell carcinoma, invasiveness, CD10, D2-40, F-actin