Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the greatest threats to public health. Recent advances in whole-genome transcriptome analyses have enabled the identification of numerous members of a novel class of non-coding (nc)RNA, long ncRNA (lncRNA), which is broadly defined as RNA molecules that are >200 nt in length and lacking an open reading frame. In the present review, all lncRNAs associated with CRC are briefly summarized, with a particular focus on their potential roles as clinical biomarkers. CRC-associated lncRNAs involved in the underlying mechanisms of CRC progression are also initially included. This should benefit the development of novel markers and effective therapeutic targets for patients with CRC.
Highlights
YE et al: LONG NON‐CODING RNA IN COLORECTAL CANCER the normally silent maternal allele of the insulin‐like growth factor‐II gene (IGF2) [9], hypomethylation of the H19 DMR and a DMR upstream of IGF2, is observed in the Colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal mucosa of a single patient [10]
The results showed that the diphtheria toxin A (DTA)‐H19 plasmid significantly delayed tumor growth, indicating that long ncRNA (lncRNA) could be a therapeutic target in CRC
HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) expression levels were found to be higher in CRC tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues, and high HOTAIR expression correlated with the presence of liver metastases (LMs) [16]
Summary
CCAT1 (CRC‐associated transcript 1) was identified in a study by Nissan et al [27], which reported its high expression in CRC, but not in normal tissues. CLM, colorectal liver metastasis; CRC, colorectal cancer; N.D., not determined; lncRNA, long non‐coding RNA; lincRNA, long intergenic non‐coding RNA; miRNA, microRNA; LOI, loss of imprinting; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA; MALAT1, metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; CRNDE, colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed; MYLKP1, myosin light chain kinase pseudogene 1; CREB, cAMP response element‐binding protein; hnRNP, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle; PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2; LSD1, lysine‐specific demethylase 1; PCAT1, prostate cancer-associated transcript 1; PRNCR1, prostate cancer-associated non‐coding RNA 1; PTENP1, phosphatase and tensin homolog 1; UCA1, urothelial cancer‐associated 1; CCAT, CRC‐associated transcript; HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer; OCC-1, overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1; PVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1; ncRAN, non‐coding RNA expressed in aggressive neuroblastoma; MEG3, maternally‐expressed gene 3; L1T1, long QT intronic transcript 1; LET, low expression in tumor. This data indicates that OCC‐1‐lncRNA overexpression may be a hallmark of CRC
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