Abstract
Environmental factors can change phenotypes in exposed individuals and offspring and involve the germline, likely via biological signals in the periphery that communicate with germ cells. Here, using a mouse model of paternal exposure to traumatic stress, we identify circulating factors involving peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) pathways in the effects of exposure to the germline. We show that exposure alters metabolic functions and pathways, particularly lipid‐derived metabolites, in exposed fathers and their offspring. We collected data in a human cohort exposed to childhood trauma and observed similar metabolic alterations in circulation, suggesting conserved effects. Chronic injection of serum from trauma‐exposed males into controls recapitulates metabolic phenotypes in the offspring. We identify lipid‐activated nuclear receptors PPARs as potential mediators of the effects from father to offspring. Pharmacological PPAR activation in vivo reproduces metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring and grand‐offspring of injected males and affects the sperm transcriptome in fathers and sons. In germ‐like cells in vitro, both serum and PPAR agonist induce PPAR activation. Together, these results highlight the role of circulating factors as potential communication vectors between the periphery and the germline.
Highlights
Effective environmental policies require reliable, relevant, and upto-date indicators to measure environmental protection efforts (Wiedmann and Lenzen, 2018)
Each environmentally-extended multi-region input-output (MRIO) database is composed of a transaction matrix (T), a final demand matrix (Y), and the satellite matrices of the economy (Q_T) and the final demand (Q_Y), all of which refer to a specific time frame
Discussed by Wiebe and Lenzen (2016), we calculated the value added of the resolved satellite matrix of the economy (Q_TExio−final) as the difference of the total output (XExio−final) and the column sum of the transaction matrix (TExio−final) to ensure that the total input equals the total output of the R-MRIO database: t b
Summary
Effective environmental policies require reliable, relevant, and upto-date indicators to measure environmental protection efforts (Wiedmann and Lenzen, 2018). Since FABIO is limited in the sector detail of the remaining economy, Bjelle et al (2020) addressed this issue by disaggregating the five RoW regions of EXIOBASE3 into 214 single countries, while keeping the high detail of 163 industrial sectors All of these studies (Bjelle et al, 2020; Bruckner et al, 2019a, 2019b) focused exclusively on land-use, but did not address other environmental and socioeconomic indicators that are important to assess trade-offs among them and a broader environmental progress. We combine EXIOBASE3 and Eora to provide a resolved MRIO (R-MRIO) database with high country and sector detail, covering a broad set of partially regionalized environmental and socioeconomic indicators, namely material footprint, climate change impacts, health impacts due to particulate matter (PM) emissions, water stress, land-use related biodiversity loss, value added, and workforce (Section 2). We compare these footprints against specific per-capita targets to measure its progress towards a greener economy from a consumption perspective (Section 3.3)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
