Abstract
BackgroundLung cancers consist of four major types that and for clinical-pathological reasons are often divided into two broad categories: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). All major histological types of lung cancer are associated with smoking, although the association is stronger for SCLC and squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. To date, epidemiological studies have identified several environmental, genetic, hormonal and viral factors associated with lung cancer risk. It has been estimated that 15-25% of human cancers may have a viral etiology. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a proven cause of most human cervical cancers, and might have a role in other malignancies including vulva, skin, oesophagus, head and neck cancer. HPV has also been speculated to have a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. To validate the hypothesis of HPV involvement in small cell lung cancer pathogenesis we performed a gene expression profile of transgenic mouse model of SCLC induced by HPV-16 E6/E7 oncoproteins.MethodsGene expression profile of SCLC has been performed using Agilent whole mouse genome (4 × 44k) representing ~ 41000 genes and mouse transcripts. Samples were obtained from two HPV16-E6/E7 transgenic mouse models and from littermate's normal lung. Data analyses were performed using GeneSpring 10 and the functional classification of deregulated genes was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity® Systems, http://www.ingenuity.com).ResultsAnalysis of deregulated genes induced by the expression of E6/E7 oncoproteins supports the hypothesis of a linkage between HPV infection and SCLC development. As a matter of fact, comparison of deregulated genes in our system and those in human SCLC showed that many of them are located in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signal transduction pathway.ConclusionsIn this study, the global gene expression of transgenic mouse model of SCLC induced by HPV-16 E6/E7 oncoproteins led us to identification of several genes involved in SCLC tumor development. Furthermore, our study reveled that the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling is the primarily affected pathway by the E6/E7 oncoproteins expression and that this pathway is also deregulated in human SCLC. Our results provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches against human SCLC.
Highlights
Lung cancers consist of four major types that and for clinical-pathological reasons are often divided into two broad categories: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
In this study we examined the gene expression profile of previously described transgenic mouse model (CK5PAP-2303) of SCLC induced by human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E6/E7 oncoproteins [15] and compared data with those obtained from human tissue with SCLC
The aim of our study was to identify molecular mechanisms associated to SCLC development induced by HPV 16 oncoproteins and in patients affected by SCLC to validate our “in vivo” model and the derived cell lines for the development and evaluation of new anticancer molecules
Summary
Lung cancers consist of four major types that and for clinical-pathological reasons are often divided into two broad categories: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). All major histological types of lung cancer are associated with smoking, the association is stronger for SCLC and squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. The possibility that HPV may play a role in the development of lung cancer was first suggested by Syrjanen in 1979 who described epithelial changes in bronchial carcinomas closely resembling those of established HPV lesions in the genital tract [7]. Several studies provided evidence of HPV 16 and 18 DNA in lung cancers, but there were inconsistency in the reported prevalence of infection by HPVs in patients with lung cancer in different countries, with racial and geographic variations. HPV 16/18 have been detected in the blood of women with cervical infection suggesting that HPV 16/18 can infect the lung through hematic spread from infected sites [10]
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