Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro the antiradical and antioxidant activities of successive extracts and semi-purified fractions from Rumex vesicarius L. In the present work, three extracts (n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and 22 column fractions of methanolic extract (as promising extract) were evaluated against 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods as antiradical and antioxidant activities compared with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic standard and silver nanoparticles of methanolic extract (Ag-NPs-Me), in addition to analysis of chemical constituents of extract and fraction using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results revealed that, both methods go parallel showing that the concentration of extract and incubation time are dependent and proportional with phenolic compounds concentration. Absolute methanol extract recorded the highest antioxidant activity when compared with the other crude extracts with 79.3 and 78.8% against DPPH and ABTS respectively when compared with BHT as synthetic standard (89.4 and 89.9%) against DPPH and ABTS respectively. Calculation of the antiradical activity units showed the highest values of methanolic extract and its promising fraction (No. 12) after 300 seconds (5 minutes) comparing with antioxidant activity (30 min). Also, the antioxidant activity increased with synthetic Ag-NPs-Me when compared with methanolic extract by (IC50= 53.9 and 74.6 µg/ml respectively). Thus, the GC-MS analysis of successive extracts of R. vesicarius L showed a highly complex profile, containing approximately 24 different components. One pure compound was identified from fraction No. 12. The identified compound was l-(+)- ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate. The data also revealed presence of closely similar antioxidant activities in methanolic extract or its pure compounds with BHT when mixed at different proportions. From the obtained results it could be concluded that R. vesicarius methanolic extracts and fractions can be extensively used in the production of potential antioxidant, antiradical and AgNPs-Me for biomedical application on the consumer’s health.
Highlights
Rumex vesicarius L. is a wild edible plant, known in Arabic as Humeidh and in English as Bladder dock, possible eaten fresh or in cooked form and can be used in the daily diet
From the results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that the crude extracts of R. vesicarius L contains a wide variety of secondary metabolites that could serve as antioxidant, antiradical and reducing or capping agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles
The obtained results conclude that methanolic extract of R. vesicarius L recorded the highest antioxidant and antiradical activity when compared with other crude extracts and Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic standard
Summary
Rumex vesicarius L. is a wild edible plant, known in Arabic as Humeidh and in English as Bladder dock, possible eaten fresh or in cooked form and can be used in the daily diet. It is distributed in many parts of Middle East regions especially Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and semi-desert areas of North Africa. The phytochemicals of crude organic extracts of R. vesicarius L. was analysed and identified using GCMS by Farooq et al (2020) who found that thirty-five active compounds were identified in the stem extract of Rumex sp. Most of the crude extracts did not show any significant toxicity
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